Ovarian tissue freezing

Ovarian tissue freezing is a method to preserve women's fertility. Ovarian tissue freezing is a suitable technique for patients who, due to cancer (such as ovarian cancer), need early treatment such as chemotherapy or surgery, and cannot enter the IV cycle due to lack of time and the need for rapid treatment measures. become IVF because the IVF process includes stimulation of ovulation, ovulation. Since ovarian tissue freezing does not require hormonal stimulation, there is no delay in cancer treatment and chemotherapy.

Applications of ovarian tissue freezing:

•Women with cancer who need chemotherapy or radiation therapy and do not have enough time to use ovulation stimulation drugs and egg freezing.
•Single women over 35 years old
• Women with autoimmune diseases
• Women with a family history of premature menopause

Sperm freezing

Preservation of a cell for a long time is done through the freezing process
Male reproductive cells (sperm) are very sensitive and can be affected by the smallest issues. Such as radiation therapy, trauma, use of chemotherapy drugs and environmental factors are vulnerable. These cases can be a factor in disrupting the process of spermatogenesis and eventually lead to a complete stop of sperm production.
Spermatogenesis is the process that produces sperms.
Sperm freezing is considered as a reproductive aid method, especially for men who are diagnosed with cancer and suffer from the destruction of the spermatogenesis process. This method is the first method that is used before any other treatment method, because in cases such as varicocele surgery, there is a possibility of damage to the testicle and zero sperm production after the surgery, which can be prevented in the case of sperm freezing.
The uses of sperm freezing include sperm donation, artificial insemination or other methods of infertility treatment.
After extracting the sperms and performing the necessary tests, they are stored in liquid nitrogen containers at a very low temperature until they need to be used. Finally, to use these frozen sperms, they are thawed with specialized techniques and prepared for different uses.

Applications of sperm freezing

Among the applications that can be considered for sperm freezing are:

• Prevention of infertility in the future
• Guaranteed fertility for couples where the man has less sperm.
•Suitable for men who have had a vasectomy (sterilization).
• Sperm storage when surgery is to be performed in the genital area, which affects the process of ejaculation and sperm production.
• If it is not possible to attend artificial insemination
•For sperm donation

egg freezing

Egg freezing is a method by which a woman's ability to conceive in the future can be preserved. The number and quality of eggs and women's ability to get pregnant decrease with age. Therefore, freezing women's eggs, when they are still young and their eggs are of high quality, is a correct method to preserve their fertility in the future.
The age of women at the time of egg freezing is considered a very important factor in the quality of eggs, so it is better to freeze eggs before the age of 35.

At first, the ovaries are stimulated with medicine to produce more eggs. By doing this, instead of producing one egg during the menstrual cycle, several eggs are released and mature. During the period of time that a person is taking these drugs, he should visit his specialist doctor to determine the state of the follicles by performing a vaginal ultrasound.
After going through this process, surgery is performed with mild anesthesia to extract the eggs. The more eggs are extracted, the freezing of the eggs is done more successfully.
After taking the eggs from the follicle, they are kept in a space containing liquid nitrogen with a very low temperature, or the so-called liquid nitrogen tank, to prevent the biological activity of the eggs.

Which people are suitable for using frozen eggs?

•Ovarian failure
•Decreased ovarian reserve
• Women over 40 years old, who have less chance of having normal and healthy eggs.
• If there are known genetic diseases in the family, especially; If they have an affected child

embryo freezing

As you know, two types of sex cells (egg from a woman and sperm from a man) must be combined for fertilization and embryo formation. In the IVF method, the egg and sperm are placed side by side in the laboratory environment, so that the fertilization is done by the penetration of the sperm into the egg and the embryo is formed. At this stage, the resulting embryo is either immediately transferred into the uterus or frozen in the laboratory to later be transferred into the uterus and create a pregnancy.

Many people, for reasons such as work conditions, prefer to postpone the time of having children, which is suggested to them by embryo freezing. The quality and number of eggs of women decreases with their age, especially after the age of 35, the probability of genetic diseases will increase. Embryo freezing allows women to experience a healthier pregnancy in the future because, due to the young eggs, the possibility of pregnancy problems is reduced.
In addition, some couples try to get pregnant using pregnancy methods such as IVF, which can store some of their embryos in the embryo bank for future pregnancies.

First, the embryo enters the stage of cryopreservation, which removes the embryo's cell water and replaces it with another substance. Then the embryo is frozen with certain steps in order to prevent the formation of ice crystals that damage the tissue of the embryo, then the embryo is kept in liquid nitrogen. 95% of embryos remain healthy and maintain their structure at this stage.

Freezing testicular tissue

Testicular tissue freezing is used to preserve the fertility of men or boys with cancer who need chemotherapy or radiation therapy, boys or men with diseases that may damage the testicular tissue, or infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia. In this method, a part of the testicular tissue is removed through a testicular biopsy, with or without the use of a surgical microscope (TESE or Microscopic TESE) and transferred to the embryology department in a serum-enriched medium.First, parts of the sample are crushed with a sterile instrument and the presence of sperm in the seminiferous tubules is checked. If there is usable sperm in the testicles of adults before freezing, the tissue is cut into appropriate pieces and transferred to containers containing a preservative. The freezing method is performed in the vapor phase of liquid nitrogen. In the case of children's testicles, it is not necessary to check the presence of sperm and a part of the testicular tissue is sent for cytopathology.
The re-use of testicular tissue in infertile couples is through the re-melting of testicular tissue, live sperm extraction and egg fertilization by ICSI method. In the case of children, it is expected that in the near future, with the expansion of knowledge in the field of stem cells, it will be possible to extract sperm-producing stem cells from the frozen testicle tissue and transfer it back to the owner's testicle.